Structural steel grades
Sections and merchant bars
Steel grade range
Technical information
Non-alloy structural steels according to European standards:
- S235JR, S235J0, S235J2
- S275JR, S275J0, S275J2
- S355JR, S355J0, S355J2, S355K2
- SS460JR, S460J0, S4600J2, S460K2
- S500J0
Weldable fine grain structural steels according to European standards:
- S275M, S275ML
- S355M, S355ML
- S420M, S420ML
- S460M, S460ML
- S500M, S500ML
Steel grades according to American standards:
- A36-14 Grade 36
- A572-18 Grade 42, 50, 55, 60, 65
- A588-19 Grade B
- A709-18 Grade 36, 50, 50S, 80
- A913-19 Grade 50, 65, 70, A992-11(15) Grade 50
Steel grades according to Russian standards:
- GOST 27772-2015 - C255, C345, C355
- GOST 19281-2014 09G2S
Steel grades according to Chinese standards:
- GB/T 33968 - 2017 Q345QST, Q420QSR, Q460QST, Q485QST
Other grades are available upon request.
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PerformanceRelated news & technical articles
Connections made of jumbo and super jumbo steel shapes: a practical guide
28 May 2024ArcelorMittal, a leading global producer of steel shapes used in construction, created this handbook that brings together advice and information on connecting jumbo and super jumbo steel shapes in building structures not subject to seismic loading. It is aimed at designers, offering them insights into international best practices and additional resources beyond those of typical European and American building standards.The handbook draws heavily from the ECCS (European Convention for Constructional Steelwork) book ‘Joints in steel and composite structures,’ which focusses on structural connections and covers topics such as how to design, fabricate, and assemble these connections.
Technical articleKraków railway bridge: a titanic and Luxembourgish construction
8 January 2024ArcelorMittal contributed to one of the largest Polish railway projects of the decade: the reconstruction of the E-30 railway corridor in Kraków and the modernisation of several stations connecting two districts of Kraków.
Project newsTTV (Thickness Toughness Validator): a tool for validating the selected toughness subgrade for thickness and design conditions based on EN 1993-1-10
14 September 2023TTV (Thickness Toughness Validator) is a tool developed internally by ArcelorMittal Steligence® Engineering. It is a simple tool for validating the selection of toughness subgrades according to the recommendations and requirements of the EN 1993-1-10 standard. This standard provides design guidance for the selection of steel for fracture toughness, imposing maximum detail thicknesses depending on material, temperature, and load level. The simplified method (EN 1993-1-10, Clause 2.3) is based on a simple table check. As it is general, it is based on safe assumptions that may not always correspond to specific project specifications. The advanced method (EN 1993-1-10, Clause 2.4), based on more advanced fracture mechanics methods, has therefore been implemented in order to perform a more specific check to deliver more advanced results. This tool is entirely based on Eurocode background methods and their application. As such, the advanced method will deliver the same results as the tables of the simplified method if the same assumptions are introduced. The user guide and validation examples are provided in the tool’s download folder.
Website news
Connections made of jumbo and super jumbo steel shapes: a practical guide
Published: 28 May 2024
![](/files/styles/modal/public/TrussHistar--88a61e7bf4dfba79e82230bd0447ae8c.jpg.webp?itok=D6p_Oi2S)
ArcelorMittal, a leading global producer of steel shapes used in construction, created this handbook that brings together advice and information on connecting jumbo and super jumbo steel shapes in building structures not subject to seismic loading. It is aimed at designers, offering them insights into international best practices and additional resources beyond those of typical European and American building standards.
The handbook draws heavily from the ECCS (European Convention for Constructional Steelwork) book ‘Joints in steel and composite structures,’ which focusses on structural connections and covers topics such as how to design, fabricate, and assemble these connections.
Optimising design and cost
This handbook provides guidelines for effectively designing, building, and assembling projects that involve large and exceptionally thick steel sections, known as ‘jumbo shapes’ and ‘super jumbo shapes.’ These shapes have flange thicknesses equal to or greater than 50 mm as defined by standards such as EN 10365 and AISC 360 (2016). Due to their size and thickness, special attention is needed when connecting these steel shapes to ensure safety and structural integrity.
Steel is an anisotropic material, which means it has different properties depending on the direction in which it rolled. For hot rolled structural shapes, the best properties are found in the direction of rolling, and it is crucial to consider properties across the thickness of the material (through-thickness properties). This is especially important for welded connections, where improper planning can lead to weld strains surpassing the material's strength. Therefore, careful planning and coordination among project stakeholders – including design engineers, architects, fabrication shops, assemblers/erectors, quality control offices, and suppliers – are essential to create efficient connections.
Throughout the stages of design, detailing, fabrication, and erection of a steel structure, there is room for optimising cost-effectiveness. Designers and detailers can work together to find the most efficient solutions, taking into consideration the capabilities of the fabricator. Prefabricating components in the workshop not only streamlines transport and installation on site but also influences the design of connection types, which can positively impact the project's costs. The more prefabrication done in the workshop, the higher the quality and cost-efficiency of the steel structures.
Design requirements and material specifications
Connections must be strong enough to support applied forces without compromising the structure's stability. They should be designed to:
- be robust enough to guarantee structural integrity
- minimise any additional effects on the structure
- allow for sufficient rotation
- be able to sustain cyclic loads where needed
Welded connections of jumbo and super jumbo profiles, especially those made from high strength steel, require specific expertise. This involves understanding the welding process and choosing appropriate steel materials, including filler metals. Welded connections, especially those experiencing tension and bending forces, need careful consideration.
We recommend that designers consult ArcelorMittal's technical advisory department (steligence.engineering@arcelormittal.com) for guidance, especially when dealing with flange thicknesses exceeding 50 mm for ML sub-grade and 80 mm for M sub-grade steel.
Contents of this handbook
Chapter 1 discusses how choosing the right type of steel is crucial for ensuring the longevity of a structure. It provides guidance from ArcelorMittal on how to select the appropriate steel grade throughout the design process, from the initial stages to when the steel is used as a structural element. The chapter covers concepts like ductility, through-thickness properties, and material characteristics in detail. It also introduces the concept of fracture toughness and explains its importance. The chapter further delves into the methodology for selecting materials based on fracture toughness according to a specific standard, EN 1993-110:2005, particularly for components subjected to quasi-static compression loading.
In Chapter 2, welded connections are detailed, starting from design code principles to the metallurgical perspective. It emphasises the importance of preparing jumbo beams before welding to ensure quality and minimise fabrication costs. The chapter discusses how steel's ductile nature doesn't necessarily translate into a ductile structure and explains the strategic placement of weld access holes. Additionally, it covers lamellar tearing, a type of cracking related to welding in the base material, and provides guidance on avoiding and detecting it. Various welding parameters such as welding processes, electrodes, heat input, and post-weld heat treatment are highlighted as crucial for executing proper welds and ensuring reliable connections.
Chapter 3 classifies connections based on their structural role and the external loads they endure. It includes categories like connections subjected to tension and compression loads, beam and column splices, trusses, and beam-column connections. The chapter also showcases examples of actual structures utilising connections of jumbo shapes.
Chapter 4 addresses the key factors influencing the connection of jumbo profiles, including architectural considerations, specifying the correct steel shape and grade, manufacturing processes, safety measures, and transportation requirements.
The handbook is supplemented with several Annexes: Annex A presents an example of butt welding with H5 of HD 400 x 1299 (tf = 140mm) in HISTAR® 460, Annexes B and C detail proper steel specification for a column under axial and eccentric compression respectively to avoid brittle fracture, and Annex D provides a design example for a column splice of the bearing type with no net tension (HD 400 x 744 and HD 400 x 990).
Text:
Constructalia
ArcelorMittal Global R&D
Images:
ArcelorMittal
Related link(s)
Connections made of jumbo and super jumbo steel shapes: a practical guide
Weld preparation of Jumbo Beams
Super Jumbos: Extra Heavy Section Sizes
Jumbo solutions for complex challenges: W14x930 and W14x1000
Kraków railway bridge: a titanic and Luxembourgish construction
![](/files/styles/modal/public/krakow_railwaybridge2--03b3ffadb3ef0d8b18528ebb204b3c7c.jpg.webp?itok=cbRkM3G2)
ArcelorMittal contributed to one of the largest Polish railway projects of the decade: the reconstruction of the E-30 railway corridor in Kraków and the modernisation of several stations connecting two districts of Kraków.
The project
Started in 2017, work on the E-30 railway corridor includes the total reconstruction of a railway bridge over Poland's largest river - the Vistula - in the centre of Kraków.
Initially, a simple partial renovation was planned with the addition of two additional bridges on either side of the existing deck, but after technical and financial analyses, it was decided to construct a complete set of three new bridges. In 2020, the City of Kraków and the investor, PKP PLK S.A., agreed to extend the scope of works by installing a cycle and pedestrian path on the outer deck, leading to a change in the design and an increase in the width of the bridge.
HISTAR® for extraordinary constructions
ArcelorMittal and its beam finishing centre (BFC-LPL) based in Niederkorn, Luxembourg supplied 1300 tonnes of HISTAR® 460 and was commissioned to carry out the cutting, bending, and chamfering of the beams for the preparation of the welds on the bridge site. With a total length of 229 metres, the largest reinforced concrete slab covers 1200 m3, and its pouring took twenty hours continuously. A unique feature of the solution included the use of HD 400 sections (in various sizes) in HISTAR® 460 for the arch elements on which the entire bridge is suspended. The use of heavy-duty HD profiles in this unique project significantly reduced the volume of material required and accelerated the on-site assembly process.
Today, this bridge is the longest and thinnest railway bridge of its kind ever built in Europe. After the first side of the bridge was put into service in May 2020, the second double-track bridge (the most central) opened in June 2022. It was in May 2023 that the third bridge was opened for rail traffic.
Text:
ArcelorMittal Luxembourg
Constructalia
Images:
© ArcelorMittal Europe
Related link(s)
TTV (Thickness Toughness Validator): a tool for validating the selected toughness subgrade for thickness and design conditions based on EN 1993-1-10
![](/files/styles/modal/public/TTV_screenshot--e0155661fb1d179349632709c8f2a737.jpg.webp?itok=NEP5hOkc)
TTV (Thickness Toughness Validator) is a tool developed internally by ArcelorMittal Steligence® Engineering. It is a simple tool for validating the selection of toughness subgrades according to the recommendations and requirements of the EN 1993-1-10 standard. This standard provides design guidance for the selection of steel for fracture toughness, imposing maximum detail thicknesses depending on material, temperature, and load level. The simplified method (EN 1993-1-10, Clause 2.3) is based on a simple table check. As it is general, it is based on safe assumptions that may not always correspond to specific project specifications. The advanced method (EN 1993-1-10, Clause 2.4), based on more advanced fracture mechanics methods, has therefore been implemented in order to perform a more specific check to deliver more advanced results. This tool is entirely based on Eurocode background methods and their application. As such, the advanced method will deliver the same results as the tables of the simplified method if the same assumptions are introduced. The user guide and validation examples are provided in the tool’s download folder.
The aim of this tool is to disseminate structural design knowledge and techniques for a subject that is often less known to designers. With TTV, the process of verifying steel details according to toughness requirements will be easier and will speed up workflow. Moreover, TTV includes advanced methods permitted by design standards, giving the user additional choices for verification methods.
The Steligence® Engineering department is a team of steel construction experts dedicated to the support of designers in a variety of topics. The team can be contacted at: steligence.engineering@arcelormittal.com
Text:
ArcelorMittal Steligence®
Constructalia
Images:
ArcelorMittal Steligence®
Related link(s)
Useful information
- Non-alloy structural steels according to European standard
- Weldable fine grain structural steels according to European standard
- Steel grades according to American standards
- Steel grades according to Russian standards
- Steel grades according to Chinese standards
- Comparison tables of typical steel grades
- HISTAR® Technical Brochure
- Sections and Merchant Bars - ArcelorMittal Sales Programme
- Design Software
A wide range of the highest quality
The mechanical characteristics and chemical composition of ArcelorMittal's wide range of structural steel grades complies with the requirements of standards around the world. ArcelorMittal's structural steel offer includes:
- Non-alloy structural steels according to EN 10025-2
- Weldable fine grain structural steels according to EN 10025-4
- Steel grades according to American standards ASTM
- Steel grades according to Russian standards GOST
- Steel grades according to Chinese standards GB/T
Other grades (Japanese or Canadian CSA standards for instance) are available upon request.
The mechanical characteristics of ArcelorMittal's sections are improved by precise control of the temperature during the rolling process.
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