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S355 structural steel grades

S355 structural steel grades are mainly used in building and civil engineering applications.

These structural steel grades are carbon-manganese steels with guaranteed minimum mechanical properties (yield strength and tensile strength) and with satisfactory ductility. They offer good weldability with all conventional welding processes. In addition to their excellent mechanical properties, structural steels have satisfactory toughness values, especially with +N or +M.

S420 and S460 high strength structural steel grades

S420 and S460 high strength structural steel grades are weldable, fine grain structural steels that offer good weldability with all conventional welding processes.

These steels are used for welded parts that must withstand high levels of strain. Typical applications are bridges, long span structures, high-rise buildings, and other architectural structures.

Each grade can be obtained with guaranteed impact properties at -20°C (N or M grades), or for low-temperature applications, at -50°C (NL or ML grades).

Text: Constructalia, ArcelorMittal Europe - Long Products
Images: ArcelorMittal Europe - Long Products, Gdańskie Inwestycje Komunalne, OMA/Sebastian van Damme, Chuck Choi/Foster & Partners

The relationship between steel and skyscrapers has been ongoing for over one hundred years, and this affiliation is growing ever stronger. In the 1930s, steel facilitated the boom of high-rise construction, while high strength steel ushered in its resurgence in the 1970s. Thanks to its affordability and durability, steel has always been the material of choice for the design and construction of tall buildings’ principal structural systems.

The current times bring with them a growing concern for sustainable development, including contradictory notions on the affordability, safety, and environmental impact of steel. This has resulted in some misperceptions about the role of steel in high-rise construction. In response to this, the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) and ArcelorMittal partnered together on a research paper entitled ‘Steel and Skyscrapers: A Productive History and a Sustainable Future’ in order to illustrate the recent developments in the partnership between steel and skyscrapers that make it a strong, sustainable choice for high-rise construction.

Overview

This research paper delves into the sustainability of steel while examining its impact on the life cycle analysis of a building with an overall aim to broaden innovation in design via an analysis of new ideas for the creation of sustainable, cost-effective, and optimised buildings for the future.

This paper provides a summary of the latest innovations in specifications with a special focus on high strength steel that can result in a reduced amount of steel being required for a building’s construction. The paper presents design methods that can streamline fabrication and erection for a reduction of energy usage during construction in addition to evaluation ideologies, such as standardising floor area, that increase operational efficiency and reduce negative environmental impact.

Findings

“Sustainable development is not a fixed state of harmony, but rather a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development, and institutional change are made consistent with future as well as present needs” (WCED 1987). As our global knowledge and understanding deepens, it is clear that we all must band together to discern innovative and sustainable methods that will allow for greater economic and social development with the minimisation of environmental damage taking its vital place at the core of these methodologies.

In the same way that tall buildings revolutionised the urban environment, steel has been, and will continue to be, revolutionary and transformational in terms of the correlation between tall buildings and sustainable development. It is the responsibility of those involved in the design and construction process to incorporate the advice of the experts, innovations, and highly sustainable building products in such a way that we will reduce our carbon footprint for future generations.

Text: Constructalia
Research paper: Shelley Finnigan (Global Technical Sales Engineer, Head of Technical Sales & Marketing, Americas, ArcelorMittal), Dario Trabucco (CTBUH Research Manager, Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat), Jean-Claude Gerardy (Head of Export, Sections and Merchant Bars, ArcelorMittal), Nicoleta Popa (Head of Global R&D Construction Applications, Infrastructures and Long Products, ArcelorMittal)

Looking for technical details for structural steel grades? Constructalia has got you covered. Check out our new steel grade pages that include mechanical, chemical, and coating property details.

Magnelis® structural steel grades

Magnelis® structural steel grades include: S350GD, S390GD, S420GD-HyPer®, S450GD-HyPer®, and S550GD-HyPer®.

These metallic coated structural steels are mainly used in construction, road and railway infrastructure, agriculture and farming, solar energy generation, and tubular applications.

Magnelis® is a flat carbon steel product coated on both sides with a zinc-aluminium-magnesium alloy. This alloy, composed of 93.5% zinc, 3.5% aluminium, and 3% magnesium, is applied by means of a continuous hot dip galvanising process. This optimum chemical composition has been selected to provide the best results in terms of corrosion resistance.

Indaten® structural weathering steel grades

Indaten® S355W structural weathering steel grades are fine grain, high strength structural steels offering high yield strength and improved corrosion resistance in specific aggressive environments. These grades have excellent weldability with all the usual welding processes because of their low carbon content and fine grained structure.

When used uncoated and exposed to bad weather, an oxide layer develops on the steel surface, forming a purplish-brown, finely grained patina that bonds very strongly to the steel and protects it. With their characteristic colour, steels with improved atmospheric corrosion resistance are used in architectural projects like bridges either to harmonise with the environment or to optimise maintenance costs all along the construction life cycle.

Text: Constructalia, ArcelorMittal Europe
Images: ArcelorMittal Europe Flat / PLP, ArcelorMittal Europe, Jannes Linders

In May 2020, all eyes will be on the French Open / Roland-Garros tournament. While encouraging Novak, Serena, Rafael, or Roger, we invite you to admire the new retractable roof of the central court! Thanks to ArcelorMittal Rodange rails, your favourite players will be protected from the rain.

Premium rails provided in record time for the French sports monument

The Rodange site produced the 44 crane rails used for the construction of the retractable roof of the court. The A150 rails are the largest in our DIN range and were produced in 110CrV of superior quality. This shade has long been exclusively developed by ArcelorMittal with special straightening to ensure perfect track alignment.

The rails were mainly produced for the Philippe Chatrier central court roof. Once the rails were manufactured, the finishing operations were managed and organised in Yutz, France for:

• Cutting: The rails were cut to length according to customer specifications, including 45° corner cuts while respecting the required lengths with a tolerance of +/- 1mm.
• Hardness: The A150 are the highest quality in the range.
• Handling: Made with textile straps only, without magnets or chains, despite the size of the rails (the A150 are the largest rails in the range of crane rails produced in Rodange).
• Fast delivery

In total, it took only two months between ordering and shipments to provide the end customer with completely finished rails - from production to delivery. Thanks to good internal cooperation, we were able to provide the customer with a complete solution.

The revival of an iconic tennis court

Built in 1928, the Philippe Chatrier central court has undergone a complete renovation to modernise the stands and build a retractable roof.

This roof will not only allow the organisation of night games, but will also protect players from the rain in case of bad weather. It is composed of 11 panels of 100 metres and 350 tonnes each which slide on our rails. Thanks to our high quality products, this 3850-tonne roof will open and close in 12 minutes.

Click here to see the construction of the retractable roof.

Text: ArcelorMittal Luxembourg, Constructalia
Images: ArcelorMittal Europe
Video: Roland-Garros

A new R&D report presenting a new, innovative type of flat shear connection for steel-concrete composite structures is now available.

Report abstract

For buildings in steel-concrete composite structure, the current practice of the shear connection in fully embedded columns is the implementation of headed shear studs. This type of connector has been mainly developed for composite beams and some disadvantages have been identified for column application. For example, due to the shear stud geometry, the difficulty of the reinforcement application and more complicated handling of the column are recognised. Taking into account the additional high resistance, stiffness, ductility and production efficiency criteria, an innovative type of flat shear connection, with the potential for a fully automatic fabrication process has been developed. The proposed new type of shear connectors is made out of regular reinforcement bars welded to the flanges of steel profiles under a specific arrangement. The conducted investigation consisted of three different variants: transversal, longitudinal and angled (V-shaped) of connectors applied to the HEB120 steel profiles. In addition, tests without any mechanical connectors were conducted as reference tests. The specific load-bearing behaviour in terms of load-slip curves for each connector variant has been obtained and analysed. After the tests, the specimens were opened and the failure patterns were investigated. 3D non-linear numerical simulations in the FE code Abaqus® have supported the performed investigations. In the results, the load flux, the decisive force-transfer mechanisms and resistance limits have been identified.

Report (including abstract):
C. Odenbreit, ArcelorMittal Chair of Steel and Facade Engineering, FSTC, RUES, University of Luxembourg
M. Chrzanowski, ArcelorMittal Chair of Steel and Facade Engineering, FSTC, RUES, University of Luxembourg
R. Obiala, Global R&D, ArcelorMittal
T. Bogdan, Global R&D, ArcelorMittal
H. Degée, FET, CERG, Hasselt University

Text: Constructalia

Photos: R.W.M. Wong, European Commission, C.Odenbreit, M.Chrzanowski, R.Obiala, T.Bogdan, H.Degée

ArcelorMittal Europe has sponsored a documentary about Leslie E. Robertson, who was the lead structural engineer of the Twin Towers of the original World Trade Center in New York City. He oversaw the construction of the tallest building in the world at that time (417 m) and has been haunted by its collapse and the events of 9/11.

The designer of some of the most prestigious buildings

With the support and the love of his wife and business partner, SawTeen See, Robertson rebounded and has designed some of the most prestigious high-rise buildings on the planet, such as the Shanghai World Financial Center. This 492-metre-tall building, owned by Japanese investor Mori Building, was designed by Robertson and See with 15 000 tonnes of HISTAR® steel sections produced by ArcelorMittal Europe – Long Products’ mill in Differdange, Luxembourg.

Robertson’s story

His story is now the subject of a documentary, Leaning Out, which premiered for the first time during the 2018 Architecture & Design Film Festival in New York City. The premiere was attended by our colleagues Jean-Claude Gerardy (ArcelorMittal Europe – Long Products), Ravi Ranganathan, Ramana Venkat, and Vince Mondelli (ArcelorMittal International Chicago).

ArcelorMittal is proud to sponsor this documentary focussing on innovation and visionary collaborations and recounting how Robertson embraced new technologies and innovative steels such as HISTAR® to design tall landmark buildings.

Leaning Out is now available on DVD/VOD. You can get your copy of Leaning Out now on the official website or Vimeo:

Official website
Vimeo

Text: ArcelorMittal Europe, Constructalia

Photos: Leaning Out documentary